introduction Compared with the large-scale climate, the microclimate has the following characteristics: the range is small, the range within 100 meters, conventional meteorological observation stations can not reflect the difference of the microclimate; the difference is large, especially in the vertical direction, the differences in meteorological elements are large; the daily changes are dramatic, The closer it is to the underlying surface, the greater the daily changes in temperature, humidity, and wind speed; the microclimate law is more stable. As long as the physical properties of the microclimate are unchanged, its microclimate differences will also be unchanged. Microclimate is an important environmental factor affecting the structure and function of ecosystems. The gradient microclimate automatic observation system automatically measures and stores the microclimate gradient near the ground layer when the surface interacts with the atmosphere, observes the multi-layer air temperature and humidity gradient above the surface, the multi-layer wind speed and wind direction, the total solar radiation or photosynthetically active radiation gradient inside and outside the plant canopy ; And multi-layer soil temperature and humidity gradients. According to the gradient observation data, the temporal change and spatial distribution of microclimate elements formed after the interaction between the surface and the atmosphere can be directly understood, which provides a basis for the utilization, adjustment and improvement of various types of microclimate characteristics. At present, the technical bottleneck of the gradient microclimate observation system is whether the resolution and repeatability of the sensor can actually change the reverse gradient meteorological factors. 2 Observation system design 2.1 Objective The AZ-M0310 gradient microclimate observation system, data collection and storage methods conform to the requirements of the WMO World Meteorological Organization and the "China Meteorological Administration Ground Meteorological Monitoring Specifications", easy to compare research on global ecosystems and global climate change. Rainfall spectrum can be used to analyze raindrop shape, distribution, rainfall intensity, total amount, visibility and other property parameters. It made a qualitative leap in rainfall analysis. The data collector is powerful, has many channels, and can be connected with a variety of sensors. The memory can store up to one year of data, and the data can be stored for 20 years. Support RS232, FTP, TELNET, USB and other communication protocols. The system effectively solves the problem of high-precision measurement, while ensuring the stability and reliability of the system. Very suitable for long-term monitoring. 2.2 Layout of observation points 2.2.1 The layout of the observation tower The tower can be built with a cement base, but the area of ​​the base must be small enough not to change the nature of the underlying surface, thereby affecting the observation results. During the construction, pay attention to the state of the vegetation on the underlying surface around the tower. The position of the observation tower in the forest is at the center of the observation site or slightly downwind. The height of the tower should be higher than 1/2 tree height of the forest canopy. Observation towers are usually drawn-line rectangular towers. The color of the tower body and its horizontal bars should be painted silver-white or light gray to avoid heating up due to absorption of solar radiation and affecting radiation observation. The design of the observation tower should be convenient for the staff to install maintenance instruments, and design an observation platform at the top of the tower, 2 to 3m above the forest canopy, in the middle of the forest canopy, 2m below the forest canopy, and the shrub layer. Lightning protection system should be installed in the observation field. 2.2.2 Arrangement and installation of microclimate observing system Install the sensor according to the figure below. The distance between the crossbar of the sensor and the observation tower should be more than 1.5 m. The radiation beam should extend south. The station south of the Tropic of Cancer can adjust the extension direction of the radiation observation pole during the summer solstice to avoid the influence of the tower body. The level of the radiation sensor should be adjusted. Soil temperature, surface temperature and soil heat flux sensors should be installed as far south as possible from the observation tread. The installation height of the wind speed, temperature and humidity sensor should be based on the height of the sensor probe. The data collector is placed in a waterproof instrument box, which can be installed on the tower in a convenient location. The chassis of the data collector should be connected to the grounding device, and the grounding resistance should be less than 5 Ω. The transfer box connected to the sensor cable must have a grounding device, the grounding resistance should be less than 5 Ω, and the grounding terminal of the device should be connected to the lightning protection grounding network. For lightning protection, mouse protection, waterproofing, and easy installation and maintenance, the cables of the microclimate observing system should be inserted into the cable tube, and the cable tube should be properly tied to the observation tower. And at different heights, the cable tube is folded into an arc to make a drip bend. 2.2.3 Parallel verification of microclimate observation system sensors Before each observation, the temperature, humidity, and wind speed sensors are installed on the "Π" shaped bar for parallel verification observation. The parallel verification time should last at least one daily change cycle. After averaging the observation results, the sensor with the closest observation result is selected for microclimate gradient observation through comparison, and one is selected as the reference for normalization processing. The "Π" shaped crossbar must be long enough to ensure that there is no mutual influence between the sensors. The distance between the temperature and humidity sensors is 0.3m. The distance between the wind sensors is 0.5m, and the "Π" shaped bar should be perpendicular to the main wind direction. The condition of the underlying surface of the observation field for parallel inspection should be as uniform as possible. If the microclimate observation lasts for a long time, the parallel verification observation should be performed again before the end of the observation. Parallel inspection results should be archived together with other observation records. 2.3 Data collection 2.3.1 Time, date and time Radiation observation and sunshine time observation adopt local average solar time (hereinafter referred to as local peacetime), with 24 hours as the solar boundary, and other observation indicators adopt Beijing time, with 20 hours as the solar boundary. The internal clock of the data collector is the observation clock. When using Beijing, the clock must be calibrated regularly or irregularly. 2.3.2 Sampling The data sampling of the microclimate observation system is completed in the data collector, and the sampling sequence is air temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind direction, wind speed, air pressure, ground temperature, radiation, and evaporation. The sampling time of soil moisture and soil heat flux is once every 10 minutes, measuring 20s heating, as the instantaneous value. The sampling rate of air temperature, humidity, and air pressure is 6 times per minute, one maximum value and minimum value are removed, and the remaining 4 sampling values ​​are averaged; the average value of 1 min is the instantaneous value. The sampling rate of precipitation and evaporation is once per minute. 2.4 Composition of observation system The observation system is composed of data collector, meteorological sensor, rainfall intensity and rainfall type sensor, meteorological data report software, power supply device, bracket and other components. 3 data processing 3.1 Data record and result display Data collection and reporting software function: The system has setting software and data reporting software. The system setting software is used to set each channel and calculation formula of the system, numerical average method, data file naming method, WEB page setting, Ethernet port setting. Data reporting software provides moving average, vector average and graded average. The icon and curve can be used to display the original data and the average value of minutes on the computer, and the data can also be viewed and browsed through the Internet and local area network and in the form of server-client. WEB page: DL16 provides a browser function to view the contents of various WEB pages. index.htm View raw data; 10m_mv.htm View the 10-minute average; extrem.htm View the extremum within 30 minutes; datetime.htm view the date and time; system.htm View system configuration The output of gradient microclimate data is as follows: Data report of gradient microclimate observation system Chongqing Sungrace International Trading Co.,Ltd , https://www.sungracetrading.com
Data sheet content Total solar radiation and its cumulative value Total solar radiation and its cumulative value Total solar radiation and its cumulative value Air temperature and humidity Air temperature and humidity Air temperature and humidity Soil temperature and soil Temperature and soil temperature Air pressure Air pressure Sea level pressure Sea level pressure Sea level pressure Sea level Atmospheric pressure precipitation Precipitation precipitation 2 minutes average wind speed 2 minutes average wind speed 1 hour maximum wind speed 10 minutes average wind speed 10 minutes average wind speed 2 minutes average wind direction 2 minutes average wind direction 10 minutes average wind direction 10 minutes average wind direction 10 minutes maximum wind speed 1 hour maximum Wind speed
AZ-M0310 gradient microclimate observation system