Ultrasound is widely used in machinery manufacturing, chemical, metallurgy, medical, light industry, agriculture and power engineering. Among them, ultrasonic cleaning is one of the most important uses. It is based on cavitation, that is, the rapid formation of numerous bubbles in the cleaning solution and the rapid implosion caused by the impact of the surface of the object on the surface of the contaminant stripping electron binding energy / ev (a) before cleaning (b) after cleaning ~ 6 The apparent Cls peak on the surface of the sulfide mineral is due to contamination of the foreign hydrocarbons in the preparation of the XPS analysis sample and contamination of the residual diffusion pump oil in the spectrometer chamber. The carbon in the above contaminants is just right for the correction of the electron binding energy. It is known from Table 1 that after ultrasonic cleaning, the elements S and 0 on the surface of the galena have a slight chemical shift, and Pb has a relatively large chemical shift, and the electron binding energy changes to +0.6 eV; the surface of the zinc blende There is no chemical shift in S, and relatively large chemical shifts occur in both Zn and 0. The electron binding energy changes are 0.6eV and 0. 8eV respectively. There is no chemical shift in the surface of pyrite, and Fe and S occur. Large chemical shift, change of electron binding energy Table 1 Surface state of single mineral before and after ultrasonic cleaning Single mineral surface state Washing front lead ore surface element Pb4fS2p01s relative content / 1.70:1 Pyrite surface element Fe2pS2p0ls relative content /: S= 0.26:1, Fe:0=0.11:1 Single mineral surface condition cleaning relative content of surface element Pb4fS2p01s in lead ore / 1.34:1 Relative content of surface element Zn2pS2p01s in sphalerite / 1.17:1 Relative content of surface element Fe2pS2p01s in pyrite/cleaning The metal cations on the surface of the post-mineral are relatively 3.7 eV and +1.7 eV for the relative density of the anions. The above results indicate that the surface of the galena is Pb, and the surface of the sphalerite is Zn, O. And the chemical environment in which Fe and S on the surface of pyrite changed. In addition, the degree of ultrasonication also changed: the Pb:S ratio of the galena surface increased from 0.65 before washing to 0.77Pb: the O ratio increased from 1.23 to 1.34. The ratio of Zn:S on the surface of the zinc blende was 1. 15 decreased to 0.61, the ratio of Zn:0 decreased from 1.70 to 1.17; the ratio of Fe:S on the surface of pyrite increased from 0.26 before cleaning to 0.43, and the ratio of Fe:0 increased from 0.11 to 0.29. 4 Conclusion Ultrasonic cleaning can be Used for the purification of sulfide minerals. The optimal conditions for ultrasonic cleaning of galena, sphalerite and pyrite are 1 time for hydrochloric acid + ultrasonic cleaning time 30s; water + ultrasonic cleaning time 30s/time, cleaning times 4 times. After ultrasonic cleaning, Pb on the galena surface, Zn on the surface of the zinc blende, and Fe and S on the surface of the pyrite have a large chemical shift, and the relative density of the metal cation to the anion has also changed. The floatability of sulfide minerals is significantly improved. Children Wheel Chair Removeble Armrest The ergonomic chair can be used by both children and adults. The height can be adjusted to protect the spine and allow children to develop good sitting habits from an early age. The latex cushion and knitted fabric are very breathable, so that the child will not get tired when studying; A chair that can accompany your child`s growth. You can use this chair during the learning time of 3-18 years old. Comfortable Removeble Armrest Chair,Ergonomic Reading Chair,Comfortable Ergonomic Chair,Kids Study Chairs SUZHOU IGROW TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTO , https://www.igrowdesk.com
Ultrasonic cleaning effect of floatability of lead ore, sphalerite and pyrite