1.1 Application platform standards on the card MULTOS and JAVACARD For the management of the card, since there is only one application on the traditional single application smart card, the management of the application is equivalent to the management of the card. Multi-purpose smart cards, because there are multiple applications on the card, multiple applications may belong to multiple administrations, so the management of multi-purpose smart cards is a more difficult problem. The life cycle of a multi-purpose USIM card will be different from the life cycle of a single-application SIM card, as shown in Figure 3. After a single application SIM card fails, the SIM application on the card automatically fails. The life cycle of the application on the card of the multi-purpose USIM card can be longer than the life cycle of the card, or shorter than the life cycle of the card. After the card expires, the application can continue to exist, but may be stored on another card. Similarly, after the application is recycled, the original card can still be used, but the application function that has been recycled is missing. Since the card supports multiple applications, the card application can be modified and configured as needed during the card usage, and the new application can be downloaded to or deleted from the card. The management of the USIM card can be performed by an authority, as shown in Figure 4. After the card is distributed, the new application can be registered with the authority and downloaded to the USIM card. The management process of the multi-purpose card is: 1 chip manufacturer sells the chip to the smart card manufacturer; 2 the smart card manufacturer registers the smart card with the authentication authority; 3 the authentication authority returns the key to the smart card manufacturer; 4 the smart card manufacturer sends the smart card The issuer sells the smart card; 5 the smart card manufacturer declares to the authentication authority that the owner of the card is a smart card issuer; 6 the smart card issuer applies to the authentication authority for application download; 7 the application publisher provides the application to the authentication authority for authorization; The certification authority provides download authorization to the card issuer; 9 application download. Cesspit emptier, Pollution Truck, Suction sewage truck, Vacuum suction Truck, Sewer Suction Truck, is collecting, cleaning up pollution car transport, sewage sludge, and avoid the secondary pollution of sanitation vehicles, new car pollution can be self-priming since the row, working speed, large capacity, transportation is convenient, applicable to collect feces, mud, oil and other liquid material transport. CLW GROUP TRUCK Sewage Suction Truck, Pollution car using domestic technology led to the pollution of vacuum pump, the suction, suction cjay, especially suitable for the drain suction of warp, the loading and unloading, especially can suck a drain mud, mud, stones, bricks and other large objects. Sewage Suction Truck,Sewage Cleaner Truck,Vacuum Sewage Suction Truck,Sewage Suction Tanker Truck CLW GROUP TRUCK , https://www.clwgrouptruck.net
1 Smart card standard The relevant standards for smart cards are mainly ISO7816 series standards. Nowadays, the cards we can see basically conform to the underlying standards of ISO7816-1~3, namely the size, contact position and electrical characteristics of the card. Since the ISO7816 middle layer standard provides many optional features, each industry defines its own standards according to its own needs, resulting in incompatibility of cards between these industries.
In order to solve this problem, some organizations are working to establish new standards, enabling cards from different industries and different vendors to interoperate. This kind of interoperability is reflected in three aspects: interworking of applications on the card (such as e-commerce, interworking of mobile communication applications); interoperability of the platform (including interworking between applications outside the card and application interworking on the card); physical layer interworking . Physical layer interworking has been defined and guaranteed by the underlying protocols of the ISO7816 standard, while interoperability of high-level applications is defined by various industries. The following mainly introduces the interoperability of the platform. The smart card platform is shown in Figure 1.
On-card applications refer to various applications and their data residing on the card, such as authentication encryption algorithms and personal passwords. The application platform on the card refers to the operating environment of the application on the card. At present, there are mainly two organizations (MULTOS and JAVACARD) engaged in the standardization of application platforms on the card. Mainly solve the problem of public operating system on the card. In comparison, 80% to 90% of existing card operating systems are dedicated operating systems designed for specialized applications. MULTOS provides a very strong security model and an additional card management system. It is primarily intended for applications in the financial sector. JAVACARD implements a subset of the Java virtual machine on the card, supporting most of the JAVA features except dynamic class loading, minority types, security management, garbage collection, runtime verification, and more.
1.2 Out-of-card application platform standard PC/SC and OCF
An off-card application is a program that runs on a terminal or server and interacts with a smart card and provides an interface to the user. The out-of-card application platform refers to the operating environment of the card-out application. At present, there are mainly two organizations OCF and PC/SC engaged in the standardization of card application platforms. The problems solved by OCF are mainly about the card's I/O interface, the out-of-card application development/running environment, and the application programming interface (API) for smart card manufacturers, card reader vendors and software developers. It can be applied to any hardware. platform. PC/SC only provides APIs to card reader vendors and is limited to PC hardware platforms. The development of these standards ensures inter-card platform interoperability, which also makes multi-purpose smart cards possible.
1.3 Impact on smart card application mode and smart card management The traditional single-application smart card application mode mainly receives external data/commands for storage or processing, and returns data. The introduction of multi-purpose smart cards has changed this model. Multi-purpose smart cards can not only receive external data/instructions, but also receive external applications or send applications to the outside world. If combined with mobile agent technology (software can be moved around the Internet), the card can also receive/send mobile agent software. The smart card application mode is shown in Figure 2.
2 Multi-purpose smart card application in the field of communication Smart card technology is widely used in the field of communication, such as magnetic card phones, IC card phones and so on. The introduction of multi-purpose smart card technology will also have an impact on smart card applications in the communications field. The following is a brief introduction to the single-application smart card used in mobile communication - SIM card, and then introduces the application of multi-purpose smart card technology in the third generation mobile communication - User Service Identity (USIM) card.
2.1 Single Application SIM Card The Subscriber Identity Module SIM is an application located on a smart card that contains the user's identity. When it is plugged into a mobile device, the two form a mobile station that can access the GSM network. The main function of the SIM is to be responsible for the authentication work when the mobile station accesses the GSM service. In addition, it provides authentication of user-related information stored on the user's access card. Since there is only one application SIM on the card, the card is also called a SIM card.
The operating system of the SIM card is an operating system based on the ISO7816-4 standard. It supports most of the commands of ISO7816 and some of its own defined commands. The SIM application running on the SIM card operating system supports the following processes: a general process, a SIM management process, a cardholder verification related process, a GSM security related process, an ordering service related process, and a SIM application tool related process. These processes implement file read and write, SIM initialization, GSM session termination, language selection request, location information acquisition, key acquisition, password verification, password modification, abbreviated dialing, fixed dialing, short message, and pass of SIM application. Short messages for data download, call control, menu selection and more.
The SIM card life cycle includes card manufacturing, operating system and application installation, card personalization, card distribution, card usage, and final card failure. Since there is only one application on the card, the management of the SIM card and the application can be realized by the card issuer through the management of the card.
2.2 Multi-purpose USIM card The user service identification module USIM was introduced in the third generation mobile communication system UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System). The USIM is an application stored on a smart card that stores user identification, card identification, public platform, authentication and encryption algorithms, and multiple applications (such as GSM, DECT, UPT, e-commerce services, etc.), mainly for access. A service provided by a UMTS (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) service provider. The USIM card adopts the size and physical characteristics of the SIM card. At the same time, ETSI is considering defining smaller sizes and lower smart card supply voltages to further reduce handset size and power consumption. The storage capacity and processing power of the USIM card is much stronger than that of the SIM card. The on-card application platform will also use a common platform (such as a Java virtual machine) to support inter-card interoperability and multiple applications.
Compared with the SIM card, the USIM card provides stronger security: the encryption algorithm is also moved from the mobile phone to the card; the authentication algorithm can be dynamically downloaded to the card. The USIM card also supports downloading of multiple optional applications, application downloads, application interactions, application dynamic configuration, and application new features. Applications and data between multiple user ordering services can be shared (such as address book sharing, etc.), and unauthorized access between applications can be prevented by the security mechanism provided by the USIM card. The application on the USIM card can also be multiple (such as one for answering a private call and one answering a unit phone). Each USIM application can also have multiple user service data files.
Although the multi-purpose smart card technology is still in the research and experimental stage, the development of multi-purpose smart card technology will bring great convenience to users and bring more income to operators, so multi-purpose smart card technology will surely get fast. development of.
Introduction to the
CLW GROUP TRUCK Sewage Suction Truck,Dongfeng pollution Truck, FAW sewage truck, JAC Cesspit emptier, HOWO heavy vacuum truck, sewage truck, Shacman steam soak, JMC pollution, ISUZU Sewage Suction Truck.
CLW GROUP TRUCK Dongfeng Sewage pollution classification: Fred card pollution truck, do pollution cars, three wood pollution cars, 140 pollution cars, 145 Sewage Suction Truck, 153 Sewage Suction Truck,Dongfeng dolika Sewage Suction Truck, The 1208 Sewage Suction Truck, sharp fluid Sewage Suction Truck.
CLW GROUP TRUCK Sewage truck function
Sewage Suction Truck dedicated by taking power device, a transmission axis, a vacuum sewage pump, pressure tanks, hydraulic parts, pipe network system, vacuum pressure gauge, dung window, hand washing device and so on, the accessory configuration high-power vacuum sewage pump and hydraulic system, a tank head die casting molding, tanks can be opened after, double top dump. Dumping sewage tank can be directly through the rear cover, high vacuum (greater than the dung sucking suction), large tonnage, high efficiency and use a wider range of features.
Pollution and dung sucking with the same principle, but pollution car with dung sucking again have different purposes. The difference is that pollution car tanks for circular jar, structure more closely, can provide greater suction higher pressure resistance, can be used to collect clean transport sewage and sludge.
The working principle of CLW GROUP TRUCK Cesspit emptier
As dung hose always immersed in a liquid surface absorption, dung after the air tank by suction, because its are not added and more and more thin, the tank pressure below the atmospheric pressure, the liquid manure is used at atmospheric pressure, the suction droppings hose into the tank. Close to the tank bottom, or the siphon tank, air is constantly into dung was compression because of its no way out, and the tank pressure is higher than the atmospheric pressure, dung liquid under the action of compressed air, namely, the siphon, suck fecal discharge hose outside the tank.
Sewage Suction Truck has high pump efficiency, imbibition, since the row and straight irrigation, etc. Smoke pot filled with dung time: 5 min or less, suction: 8 m or higher. According to have a long service life, the work speed, easy operation, convenient transportation, etc.
The main purpose of cleaning truck absorption
Sewage Suction Truck is mainly used for cleaning the city sewer, pipe sediment, corner dredge mud ditch, also can be used for industrial drainage pipe cleaning, wall, etc., and can double as water, water and washed the road use, can be used for fire emergency.
choose
1, pay attention to quality, vacuum tightness, such problems as poor material likely to cause deformation of tank.
2, the choice of vacuum package, bearing capacity and temperature difference of perception.
3, the selection of tank cover, according to the local work environment, temperature and so on.
4, according to the national development and reform commission on enforcing the exhaust emission regulations, 08 year July 1, before the second parameter data delete all vehicles.
Multi-purpose smart card technology and its application
A smart card that is used only for single use per card is called a single application smart card. If you can concentrate several applications on one card, it will be very convenient for users. For example, there are two applications on a card: a calling card and a credit card application. When the amount on the calling card is used up, only a portion of the money from the credit card application must be drawn into the calling card application, and the user can continue the call. Such cards are referred to as multi-purpose smart cards as opposed to single application cards. With the development of smart card technology and the development of relevant standards, the realization of multi-purpose cards is possible. However, the related technologies and standards are not perfect at present, and the application of multiple applications resides on one card, the management is complicated, and the negotiation between the administrations of multiple applications is required. Therefore, the practical application of the multi-purpose card will start from the most easy to implement solution and gradually push it out.
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