Research on Agricultural Green Supply Chain and Food Safety (4)

3.3 Green processing

Green processing. In the process of processing, formulate scientific and reasonable production process specifications, use clean and sanitary food processing equipment and advanced processing technology to ensure the production environment and the health of personnel; ensure the sanitary quality of raw material washing water, and use scientifically and rationally the preservatives, pigments, Food additives such as dough improvers extend the shelf life of the product and improve the sensory quality.

Green packaging. Vacuum-free, anti-corrosion and fresh-keeping packaging of unprocessed materials in processed agricultural products, implementation of green packaging design, optimization of packaging structure, reduction of packaging materials, and consideration of recycling, handling, and recycling of packaging materials.

Promote and implement the HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) system. China began to apply HACCP research in the food processing industry since 1990. The food hygiene supervision agency adopted a pilot study to achieve remarkable results in the control of yoghurt and meat products. The State Administration of Commodity Inspection's research and processing of export products used in shrimp and citrus HACCP applications. The principle of quality control has also achieved results. At present, the Ministry of Health is working with the AQSIQ on the HACCP system management guidelines, demonstration and promotion of food enterprises and catering industry, and research on the laws and regulations of the HACCP system.

3.4 Green Logistics

3.4.1 Research on Freezing and Preservation Technology of Agricultural Products and Development of Cold Chain Logistics of Agricultural Products

The data shows that 25% of roots and blocks, 50% of fruits and vegetables, and 100% of perishable foods such as meat, fish, and milk need to be refrigerated. The circulation of agricultural and sideline products in China is very large, of which more than 80% of fresh foods are stored at ambient temperature, circulated, and processed at the beginning. In normal temperature logistics, the post-production loss of grain accounts for 12% to 15% of the total grain output, and the fruit loss rate reaches 25% to 32%, grain and oil 15%, egg 15%, and dried meat consumption 3%. The total annual value is about 750 100 million yuan of agricultural products are corrupted and lost during transportation. Compared with China, the loss rate of fruits and vegetables in developed countries is generally controlled below 5%, and the loss rate of vegetables and fruit products in the United States is only 1% to 2%[3]. The cause of this waste is due to the lack of understanding of the theory of frozen and fresh-keeping logistics and the backwardness of technology and equipment of the enterprises and personnel engaged in commodity circulation. Therefore, it is necessary to develop frozen and fresh-keeping technology of agricultural product logistics, establish cold chain of agricultural products, develop cold chain logistics, and make products. It can always be in the cold state required by postharvest physiology and form a cold chain: post-harvest pre-cooling in the field - cold storage - refrigerated truck transport - wholesale station cold storage - supermarket freezer - consumer refrigerator. Only in this way can we improve the logistics efficiency of agricultural products, ensure the quality of food, and reduce the loss of food.

3.4.2 Establish a socialized and professional logistics service system for agricultural products led by third-party logistics companies

On the one hand, when formulating logistics industry policies, the government should give third-party logistics companies necessary support and policy preferences. For example, within the scope of national policy-based financial support, the government grants certain credit support to agricultural product logistics companies and exempts them from taxes; On the other hand, it actively guided the agricultural enterprises to re-establish their logistics functions on the basis of strengthening their own logistics management, stripped off inefficient logistics departments and facilities, gradually realized the socialization of corporate logistics activities, and cultivated a wide range of solid agricultural logistics industry development. Market demand base. At the same time, it actively cultivates large-scale third-party logistics companies and enterprise groups, making it a model for the development of China's modern agricultural product logistics industry and the integration of the resources of small and medium logistics companies.

3.4.3 Improve the Construction of Agricultural Products Market System

We will do a good job in the storage and processing infrastructure of the agricultural product market, and in the centralized production and sales areas for food, vegetables, fruits, poultry, aquatic products, flowers, and special products, and expand and expand a group of farmers with strong collection and distribution functions and a wide range of radiation. By-products wholesale markets and bazaars have promoted the development of agricultural and by-products wholesale markets and bazaars from primary to intermediate and advanced forms. At the same time, actively develop new circulation organizations such as supermarket chains, direct sales and distribution, speed up the development and production of agricultural product storage and transportation tools and equipment, eliminate vehicles that do not meet road and food hygiene standards (such as pickup trucks), increase grain storage, cotton storage, and preservation Construction of temperature-control equipment and moisture-proof equipment in facilities such as libraries and refrigerators. In addition, pesticide residue inspection and testing equipment, information processing, electronic settlement, and construction of sewage and waste treatment equipment and facilities in the market circulation sector should also be improved. In terms of packaging, transportation, and loading and unloading, it adapts to the requirements of domestic and international trade, adopts international standards or common national standards, and implements international standards for logistics facilities and logistics tools, such as pallets, shelves, loading and unloading equipment, and packaging. Containers, etc., continue to improve logistics technology, reduce logistics losses, and improve food safety.

3.5 Green Consumption

Strengthen the inspection of catering food units. In particular, catering units, such as large and medium-sized catering enterprises, tourist hospitality restaurants, tourist attractions, and school canteens, which cater for banquets, should be regarded as the focus. Inspection of raw material purchase and storage, catering processing, tableware cleaning and disinfection, illegal food operations, and employee health and hygiene Management system and other situations. At the same time, we must do a good job in guiding the food hygiene of rural residents. Urge rural residents to implement food hygiene requirements to prevent the occurrence of foodborne diseases. At the same time, public opinion propaganda should be strengthened to gradually guide the public to reform the mode of consumption of agricultural products, build a “green network” for green food sales, and advocate “green consumption”.

3.6 Proper disposal of waste products

Recycling and recycling of wastes in all aspects of the supply chain, in particular, strengthening the destruction and treatment of counterfeit, shoddy foods, bacteria, and diseased crops, and maintaining the soil, production tools, workshops, warehouses, transportation vehicles, and The cleanliness of food containers and tableware, etc., to prevent the spread of germs and pollution of the production environment.

3.7 Four support service systems for building green supply chain management of agricultural products

3.7.1 Testing and Certification Service System

To carry out daily supervision and inspection of quality and safety conditions in production bases and agricultural products markets, as well as quality and safety certification management, production base certification and label certification, and strictly control market access. At the same time, it actively improved the inspection and supervision mechanism and formed three “defense lines” for enterprise self-inspection, trust inspection of social intermediary agencies, and supervision and sampling by government agencies.

At present, it is necessary to further expand the types and scope of foods that implement the food production license system, and impose compulsory inspections on manufactured products. In July 2002, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine launched the market access system for food quality and safety. In the country, it first implemented the food quality and safety market access supervision and administration for five types of foods including wheat flour, rice, edible vegetable oil, soy sauce, and vinegar. So far, five major food manufacturers have completed market access, and 60% of food production companies that do not have production conditions and small workshops have been eliminated. The market access of new types of foods, such as meat products and dairy products, started in 2003 has also been basically completed. More than 90% of large and medium-sized enterprises have already obtained food production licenses. By the end of this year, all eight categories of food in China will be included in the market access system for food quality and safety.

Second, establish a unified market access system in all provinces and cities across the country. At present, China has established market access systems for agricultural products in cities such as Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Wuhan, and has not yet formed a unified national situation. Therefore, we must establish a unified market access system nationwide as soon as possible, but this This kind of unification is not exactly the same, but it is consistent in the subject qualifications, procedures, supervision, and application of laws. The quality standards of agricultural products may differ from one region to another.

Third, the implementation of QS mark management for food market access. According to the characteristics of different agricultural products, actively promote the product classification and packaging market, implement the origin identification system and the pollution-free identification system, and strengthen the investigation and punishment of counterfeit and inferior food.

Fourth, implement a system of retrospective and commitment. In accordance with the principle that each link from production to sales can be traced to each other, a record system for the production and management of agricultural products can be established to achieve traceability of the quality and safety of agricultural products.

Fifth, establish a production area monitoring system. Periodically or irregularly, the monitoring of agricultural production environment, agricultural inputs, and quality and safety of agricultural products shall be conducted to ensure that the quality and safety of the listed agricultural products meet the relevant national standards and specifications.

Sixth, do a good job in origin certification. Under the premise of carrying out the monitoring of the conditions of production of agricultural products, agricultural inputs, and the quality and safety of agricultural products, a record of safe agricultural products certification will be implemented for the main production areas of local agricultural products and imported agricultural products. Strictly manage the environment of the production areas of agricultural products and strengthen the environmental monitoring of production sites.

3.2.2 Information Service System

The computer network is used to connect production, distribution and consumption links, and the automatic collection and exchange of data through EDI (data exchange) and POS (point-of-sale sales information) to establish a unified national agricultural product market supply, demand, transaction and price, and food security inspection. The collection, arrangement, and distribution of information and information management systems, etc., have achieved resource sharing and information sharing throughout the industry chain. In building an information service system, we must pay particular attention to the establishment of food-borne disease surveillance, food poisoning reports, food contaminant monitoring, food nutrition, and national nutrition and health status monitoring system construction and information release systems to prevent various Foodborne diseases spread and spread to ensure the safety of people’s lives. At present, China has established a food safety cooperation network and a national pollutant monitoring system in more than 30 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions.

3.2.3 Technology Service System

Focusing on high-quality, high-yield, high-efficiency, and safe ecological agriculture, we will vigorously promote the production of pollution-free agricultural products, planting and breeding technologies, processing of agricultural products, preservation and storage, and protection of agricultural ecology. Formulate pre-production, mid-production, post-production and distribution standards for agriculture, and implement standards in every link of planting, production, and trading, increase product added value, enhance core competitiveness, and solve food safety problems at the source. At the same time, we will actively strengthen vocational education for farmers and improve their skills and quality.

3.2.4 Financial Service System

Supporting the rational funding needs of agricultural industrialization, comprehensive development, infrastructure construction, agricultural science and technology promotion, agricultural and sideline product processing, transportation and consumer credit, and providing farmers with diversified and comprehensive financial services to promote the agricultural industry The optimization and upgrading of the structure will improve the safety of agricultural products production, processing, packaging, storage and transportation, and ensure the safety of food.

Author / Chen Shibo, Li Chongguang